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Among those being honored on May 23rd is special guest Kate Clark Harris, the daughter of Dr. Kenneth Clark and Dr. Mamie Clark, the first African American man and the first African American woman, respectively, to earn a Ph.D. in psychology from Columbia University in the early 1940s. Over the course of 14 years, they developed and conducted what became known as the "Doll Tests"—groundbreaking experiments that revealed the psychological effects of segregation on African American children. The tests were conducted using several dolls, all identical except for skin color. The Black children, ages 3–7, were asked to identify which doll they preferred. The majority preferred the white doll, leading Drs. Clark to conclude that “prejudice, discrimination and segregation” damaged their self-esteem and caused Black children to develop a sense of inferiority. In 1947, Gordon Parks photographed the Clarks conducting their “Doll Tests” for Ebony magazine for an article titled “Problem Kids: New Harlem clinic rescues ghetto youth from emotional short circuit.” The "Doll Test" research was later used as key evidence in school desegregation lawsuits including, notably, Brown v. Board of Education (1954).

As a child, Kate was surrounded by her parents' colleagues, and personally witnessed research and trials related to the "Doll Test." She and her brother Hilton grew up in an environment filled with scholarly debate, activism and creativity. In a 2023 interview with Ebony magazine, Clark Harris recalled witnessing the development of that groundbreaking research in her home: "It was my mother's idea to start the test to start to examine the children's development of ego and how they think about themselves at a very early age. My father was concerned about what these young children, some preschool-age, thought of themselves. It started out with stick figures. Then it was coloring books and then came the dolls. My father came home one day with so many dolls, Black and white ones, and I really thought that they were mine. They did give me dolls. Not the same, but other Black dolls."

In that same interview, Clark Harris also recalled meeting Parks in the 1940s when he photographed her parents for the magazine: "I remember him as a man and a friend of my parents. He was extraordinarily talented and was very involved in taking pictures of us and our family, but back then, I didn't think of it as anything special. He would come and set up certain pictures, and it was fun. The one I remember was with my mother, father, brother, and me. I think I was on the floor."

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Mamie and Kenneth Clark with children Kate and Hilton Bancroft. Photograph for Ebony magazine by Gordon Parks, 1947. 

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Kate Clark Harris, 2023. Photo by Michael Kinsey.

After earning degrees from Oberlin College and Smith College School of Social Work, Clark Harris carried on her parents’ legacy through her career in social work, child development, mental health and education programming for children and families. Additionally, she is the former executive director of Harlem’s Northside Center for Child Development, an organization her parents founded in 1946. She and her husband Donald Harris have three children, and seven grandchildren. Their work and lives have taken them from New York to Hong Kong, Switzerland, and Sarasota, Florida, where she currently lives. Clark Harris also does volunteer work with Take Stock in Children, Big Brothers Big Sisters, and a local literacy organization that teaches adults to read.

Kate Clark Harris was honored at The Gordon Parks Foundation Annual Awards Dinner and Auction held on May 23, 2023.

Selected Works

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"Problem Kids," Ebony magazine, July 1947.

"Problem Kids," Ebony magazine, July 1947.

"Problem Kids," Ebony magazine, July 1947.

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Leslie Parks Bailey, daughter of Gordon Parks, and Liz Moskowitz, former wife of Gordon Parks, introducing Kate Clark Harris at The Gordon Parks Foundation Annual Awards Dinner and Auction on May 23, 2023.

Leslie Parks Bailey, daughter of Gordon Parks, and Liz Moskowitz, former wife of Gordon Parks, introducing Kate Clark Harris at The Gordon Parks Foundation Annual Awards Dinner and Auction on May 23, 2023.